Libelle of note

Variations of the main upper limb arterial trunks occur in about 20% of cases. They comprise trunks with superficial course, high origins, variant vessels or combinations, including: Arteria brachialis accessoria, Arteria brachioradialis superficialis, Arteria brachioulnoradialis superficialis,and Aarteria brachiomediana superficialis (Kachlik et al. 2017 Surg Radiol Anat 39:405-417).

Variations in the truncus coeliacus are quite frequent, and its incomplete formation appears in 8% of cases as Truncus gastrosplenicus, Truncus hepatosplenicus or Truncus hepatogastricus (Whitley et al. 2020 Clin Anat 28:49-

In general, the renal artery divides into anterior and posterior branches, but an inferior branch may be found.

Anterior and posterior divisions are commonly recognized for the internal iliac artery.

For a comprehensive study of the coronary arteries, see M. von Lüdinghausen (2003) The Clinical Anatomy of the Coronary Arteries. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol, Vol 167.

Direct, fine branches from the abdominal aorta, the renal artery, the testicular or ovarian artery and the common iliac artery feed adjacent lumbar and common iliac lymph nodes and related structures (Turyna et al. 2014 Clin Anat 27:894-899).

Usually, the posterior subdivision has 3 types of branches: iliolumbar, lateral sacral (often multiple), and superior gluteal.

The anterior subdivision usually has 7 branches in females: umbilical, obturator, uterine, vaginal, middle rectal, internal pudendal, and inferior gluteal. In males, there are 6 branches: umbilical, obturator, inferior vesical, middle rectal, internal pudendal, and inferior gluteal.